YU Zhen1, AN Qi2, SUO Shuangfu2, QIU Zurong1
（1. State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China； 2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China）
Abstract： Aiming at the deficiency of diagnosis method based on vibration signal, a novel method based on speed signal with singular value decomposition and Hilbert transform (SVD-HT) is proposed. The fault diagnosis mechanism based on the speed signal is obtained by constructing the shaft misalignment fault model firstly. Then the SVD-HT method is applied to the processing of the speed signal. The accuracy of the SVD-HT method is verified by comparing the diagnosis results of the order spectrum method and the SVD-HT method. After that, the diagnosis results based on vibration signal and speed signal under no-load and load patterns are compared. Under the no-load pattern, the amplitudes of the speed signal components fr, 2fr and 4fr are linear with the misalignment. In addition, under the load pattern, the amplitudes of the speed signal components fr, 2fr and 4fr have a linear relationship with the load. However, the diagnosis result of the vibration signal does not have the above characteristics. The comparison results verify the robustness and reliability of the speed signal and SVD-HT method. The method presented in this paper provides a novel way for misalignment fault diagnosis.
Key words： servo motor； speed signal； misalignment fault； sigular value decomposition (SVD)； Hilbert transform (HT)
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基于伺服电机转速信号与SVD-HT方法的轴系不对中故障诊断方法
于振1, 安琪2, 索双富2, 裘祖荣1
（1. 天津大学 精密测试技术及仪器国家重点实验室， 天津 300072； 2. 清华大学 机械工程学院， 北京 100084）
摘要:为准确实现电机驱动轴系的不对中故障诊断， 提出了基于伺服电机转速信号奇异值分解(SVD)和希尔伯特变换（HT）的轴系不对中故障诊断方法。 构建了轴系不对中故障模型， 得到了基于转速信号的故障诊断机理。 将SVD-HT方法应用于故障诊断信号的处理分析。 对比分析了阶次谱分析方法及SVD-HT方法的诊断结果， 验证了SVD-HT方法信号处理算法的准确性。 设计并搭建了故障诊断实验台， 对比分析了空载与加载模式下基于振动信号与基于转速信号的诊断结果。 空载模式下， 转速信号fr、 2fr和4fr分量的幅值与不对中量呈线性关系， 而振动信号分量的幅值与不对中量并无明显规律。 加载模式下， 转速信号fr、 2fr和4fr分量的幅值与载荷呈线性关系， 而振动信号分量的幅值与载荷并无明显规律。 进而验证了转速信号与SVD-HT诊断方法的鲁棒性和可靠性。 本文方法为不对中故障诊断提供了新的思路与方法。
关键词:伺服电机； 转速信号； 不对中故障； 奇异值分解； 希尔伯特变换
引用格式：YU Zhen, AN Qi, SUO Shuangfu, et al． Shafting misalignment fault diagnosis by means of motor speed signal and SVD-HT method． Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation， 2022， 13（3）： 352-370. DOI： 10．3969／j．issn．1674-8042．2022．03．011
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