KANG Haixia
（Key Laboratory of Opto-Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China）
Abstract：It is important to verify the safety of electric vehicle (EV) wireless power transmission for child passengers by studying the electromagnetic exposure difference between the child passengers and the adult passengers. The dielectric parameters of the child passengers’ body were calculated under the operating frequency of 85 kHz. Using the finite element simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics, a model was established for the child passengers and adult passengers when the EVs charged by the wireless charging coil. This paper analyzed the distribution of magnetic induction intensity and induced electric field intensity generated on the body and head when the child passengers and adult passengers sat in four different positions. Additionally, the difference between the brain electromagnetic exposure values of children and adults was analyzed and compared with the limits set. The results showed that the electromagnetic exposure was the largest when the passenger sat in the co-driver position. The electromagnetic exposure level of child was slightly higher than that of adult at the same position, and the magnetic induction intensity and induced electric field intensity of both were much smaller than the public electromagnetic exposure recommendation values.
Key words：electric vehicle; electromagnetic exposure; child model; wireless charging coil; finite element methods
References
［1］KUMAR M S, REVANKAR S T. Development scheme and key technology of an electric vehicle: an overview. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 70(4): 1266-1285.
［2］IMURA T, OKABE H, UCHIDA T,et al. Wireless power transfer during displacement using electromagnetic coupling in resonance. IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications, 2010, 130(1): 76-83.
［3］LI Y, YANG Q X, CHEN H Y, et al. Basic study on improving power of wireless power transfer via magnetic resonance coupling. Advanced Materials Research, 2012, 459: 445-449.
［4］ZHANG X, YANG Q X, CUI Y, et al. Design, optimization and verification of energy transmitting coils in high-power wireless power transmission systems. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2013, 28: 12-18.
［5］ANDR K, ARISTEIDIS K, MOFFATT R, et al. Wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances. Science, 2007, 317(5834): 83-86
［6］LAAKSO I, TSUCHIDA S, HIRATA A, et al. Evaluation of SAR in a human body model due to wireless power transmission in the 10 MHz band. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2012, 57(15): 4991-5002.
［7］LAAKSO I, HIRATA A. Evaluation of the induced electric field and compliance procedure for a wireless power transfer system in an electrical vehicle. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2013, 58(21): 7583-7593.
［8］LAAKSO I, HIRATA A, FUJIWARA O. Computational dosimetry for wireless charging of an electrical vehicle. Tokyo, 2014: 202-205.
［9］SHIMAMOTO T, LAAKSO I, HIRATA A. Internal electric field in pregnant-woman model for wireless power transfer systems in electric vehicles. Electronics Letters, 2015, 51(25): 2136-2137.
［10］PARK S W. Dosimetry for resonance-based wireless power transfer charging of electric vehicles. Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering & Science, 2015, 15(3): 129-133.
［11］PARK S W. Influence of fields and SAR evaluation for 13.56 MHz EV resonance-based wireless power charging systems. Microwave & Optical Technology Letters, 2017, 59(4): 937-941.
［12］PARK S W. Evaluation of electromagnetic exposure during 85 kHz wireless power transfer for electric vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2018, 54(1): 1-8.
［13］YAVOLOVSKAYA E, CHIQOVANI G, GABRIADZE G, et al. Simulation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields of inductive wireless power transfer systems in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 30 MHz//International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Sep. 5-9, 2016, IEEE, Poland, Europe. Washington: IEEE Computer Society, 2016: 491-496.
［14］YAVOLOVSKAYA E, WILLMANN B, CHIQOVANI G, et al. Low frequency human exposure analysis for automotive applications//International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Aug. 4-12, 2016, IEEE, Gaithersburg, USA. Washington: IEEE Computer Society, 2017: 4-8.
［15］XU G Z, LI C X, ZHAO J, et al. Research on electromagnetic environment safety of electric vehicle charging with wireless power transfer. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(22): 152-157.
［16］GAO Y, FARLEY K B, TSE Z T H. Investigating safety issues related to electric vehicle wireless charging technology//Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC), Aug. 31-Sep.3, 2014, IEEE, Beijing, China. Washington: IEEE Computer Society, 2014: 1-4.
［17］HE Y Q, DIAO Y L, SUN W N, et al. Impact of magnetic-field generated by wireless power transfer of electric vehicles on brain waves and neuro-psychological changes//Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC), May 17-21, 2016, IEEE, Shenzhen, China. Washington: IEEE Computer Society, 2016: 639-641.
［18］ZHANG X, YANG Q X, CHEN H Y, et al. Modeling and design and experimental verification of contactless power transmission systems via electromagnetic resonant coupling. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2012, 32(21): 153-158.
［19］NAOKI S.Wireless power transmission progress for electric vehicle in Japan//Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS), Jan. 20-23, 2013, IEEE, Austin, TX, USA. Washington: IEEE Computer Society, 2013: 109-111
［20］International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). International commission on non-ionizing radiation protection guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic elds (up to 300 GHz). Health Physics, 1998, 74(4): 494-522.
［21］ICNIRP Safety Guideline. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time varying electric and magnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). Health Physics, 2010, 99: 818-836.
［22］GABRIEL C, GABRIEL S, CORTHOUT E. The dielectric properties of biological tissues: I. Literature survey. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 1996, 41(11): 2231-2249.
［23］GABRIEL S, LAU R W, GABRIEL C. The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurement in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 1996, 41(11): 2251-2269.
［24］PEYMAN A, REZAZADEH A A, GABRIEL C. Changes in the dielectric properties of rat tissue as a function of age at microwave frequencies. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2001, 46(6): 1617-1629.
［25］PEYMAN A, HOLDEN S J, WATTS S, et al. Dielectric properties of porcine cerebrospinal tissues at microwave frequencies: in vivo, in vitro and systematic variation with age. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2007, 52(8): 2229-2245.
［26］RUSH S, DRISCOLL D A, DRISCOLL M E E, et al. Current distribution in the brain from surface electrodes. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 1968, 47(6): 717-723.
电动汽车无线电力传输对儿童和成人电磁辐射的比较
康海霞
（兰州交通大学 光电技术与智能控制教育部重点实验室， 甘肃 兰州 730070）
摘 要: 为研究儿童乘客与成人乘客之间的电磁辐射差异， 以验证儿童乘客的安全性， 在85 kHz的工作频率下计算出儿童乘客身体的介电参数， 使用有限元模拟软件COMSOL Multiphysics建立了电动汽车模型、 充电线圈模型、 儿童乘客模型和成人乘客模型。 当儿童乘客和成人乘客分别坐在汽车的4个不同位置时， 分析在身体和头部产生的磁感应强度和感应电场强度的分布， 以及儿童和成人的大脑电磁暴露值之间的差异， 并将其与设定限值进行了比较。 实验结果表明：当乘客在副驾驶位置时， 受到的电磁暴露最大。 同一位置儿童的电磁暴露水平略高于成年人， 并且两者的磁感应强度和感应电场强度均远小于设定的公共电磁暴露推荐值。
关键词： 电动汽车； 电磁辐射； 儿童模型； 无线充电线圈； 有限元方法
引用格式：KANG Haixia. Comparison of electromagnetic exposure to child and adult from electric vehicle wireless power transmission. Journal of Measurement Science and Instrumentation， 2022， 13（2）：242-252. DOI：10.3969／j.issn.1674-8042.2022.02.014
[full text view]
